Khanty–mansi Autonomous Okrug Information
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra), also known as Yugra, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people. The general territory is historically known as Yugra.
The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug, while Russian remains the only official language.
The majority of the oil produced in Russia comes from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance.
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History
The territory's historical name was Yurga. The first written mention of the people inhabiting the "northern lands" was recorded in the Tale of Bygone Years in 1096. The chronicle tells of an unknown people called the Yurga (Ostyaks or Khanty) and Voguls (Mansi) encountered by Russian explorers. The narrative also makes the first mention of the Yurga's neighbors, the Samoyad (Nenets). Chronicles of the 12th and 13th century record frequent expeditions of Novgorodians to Yurga to collect tribute in sable, ermine, Arctic fox, and squirrel furs. There was an inexhaustible demand for luxury furs in Russia.[8]
Siberia was finally annexed to the Muscovite state after Ermak Timofeevich's legendary campaign. After defeating Khan Kuchum in fall 1582 and occupying Isker, the capital of the Siberian Khanate, Ermak sent a small Cossack detachment down the Irtysh in winter 1583. The detachment led by Bogdan Bryazga (according to other information, Cossack chieftain Nikita Pan) passed through the lands of the Konda-Pelym Voguls and reached the "walls" of the town of Samarovo. Taken by surprise by the Cossack attack, the Ostyaks surrendered. Samar, prince of the Belgorod Princedom was also killed.[9]
In fall 1585, shortly after Ermak's death, Cossacks led by voevoda (army commander) Ivan Mansurov founded the first Russian fortified town, Obskoi, at the mouth of the Irtysh on the right bank of the Ob. The Mansi and Khanty lands thus became part of the Russian state, which was finally secured by the founding of the cities of Pelym and Berezov in 1592 and Surgut in 1594.
The towns that arose on the Northern Ob became trading centers. Special staging posts for changing horses (yamy) appeared on the busiest trade routes. Two of these posts, Demyansky and Samarovsky (now Khanty-Mansiysk), were built in 1637.
In 1708, Peter the Great issued a decree founding the province of Siberia (which included the cities of Berezov and Surgut) with the aim of establishing the new regime and developing the economy of the resource-rich territory. In 1775, Catherine the Great issued a decree establishing Tobolsk Province.[10]
The territory gained notoriety as a place of exile for prisoners of State. Prince Dmitry Romodanovsky served his sentence in Berezovsky District; Count Andrei Osterman was exiled here in 1742; and the large family of the princes Dolgorukov, in 1798. Prince Menshikov and his daughter Mariya are buried in these lands where they were exiled. Decembrists were exiled here after the Decembrist uprising in Senate Square (St. Petersburg).
The people of the north carried out administrative and judicial functions on the basis of Speransky's charter "On the Administration of Non-Russians in Siberia" confirmed in 1822.
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak–Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed Khanty–Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the RSFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003 the official name was added with word Yugra, which represents the ancient name of this land and its people.
Geography
Principal rivers in this region are Ob and its tributary Irtysh.
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – YugraDemographics
- Population: Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km², but the area is sparsely populated with a total population of 1,432,817 according to the 2002 Census. The administrative centre is Khanty-Mansiysk, with 53,953 inhabitants, but the largest cities are Surgut (285,027), Nizhnevartovsk (239,044), and Nefteyugansk (107,830).
- Ethnic groups: The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) is only 2% of the total population. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2002 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The national composition:
| Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug[11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Historical population figures are shown below:
| census 1939 | census 1959 | census 1970 | census 1979 | census 1989 | census 2002 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khanty | 12,238 (13.1%) | 11,435 (9.2%) | 12,222 (4.5%) | 11,219 (2.0%) | 11,892 (0.9%) | 17,128 (1.2%) |
| Mansi | 5,768 (6.2%) | 5,644 (4.6%) | 6,684 (2.5%) | 6,156 (1.1%) | 6,562 (0.5%) | 9,894 (0.7%) |
| Nenets | 852 (0.9%) | 815 (0.7%) | 940 (0.3%) | 1,003 (0.2%) | 1,144 (0.1%) | 1,290 (0.1%) |
| Komi | 2,436 (2.6%) | 2,803 (2.3%) | 3,150 (1.2%) | 3,105 (0.5%) | 3,000 (0.2%) | 3,081 (0.2%) |
| Russians | 67,616 (72.5%) | 89,813 (72.5%) | 208,500 (76.9%) | 423,792 (74.3%) | 850,297 (66.3%) | 946,590 (66.1%) |
| Ukrainians | 1,111 (1.2%) | 4,363 (3.5%) | 9,986 (3.7%) | 45,484 (8.0%) | 148,317 (11.6%) | 123,238 (8.6%) |
| Tatars | 2,227 (2.4%) | 2,938 (2.4%) | 14,046 (5.2%) | 36,898 (6.5%) | 97,689 (7.6%) | 107,637 (7.5%) |
| Others | 1,026 (1.1%) | 6,115 (4.9%) | 15,629 (5.8%) | 43,106 (7.6%) | 163,495 (12.7%) | 223,959 (15.6%) |
- Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 5,959 | 2,025 | 21.2 | 7.2 |
| 1975 | 9,450 | 2,572 | 22.8 | 6.2 |
| 1980 | 13,901 | 4,116 | 21.4 | 6.3 |
| 1985 | 25,130 | 4,863 | 24.1 | 4.7 |
| 1990 | 21,812 | 5,354 | 17.1 | 4.2 |
| 1991 | 19,060 | 5,884 | 14.9 | 4.6 |
| 1992 | 15,849 | 7,132 | 12.5 | 5.6 |
| 1993 | 14,531 | 9,401 | 11.4 | 7.4 |
| 1994 | 15,120 | 9,937 | 11.8 | 7.7 |
| 1995 | 14,418 | 10,041 | 11.1 | 7.7 |
| 1996 | 14,469 | 9,508 | 11.0 | 7.3 |
| 1997 | 14,640 | 8,497 | 11.0 | 6.4 |
| 1998 | 15,600 | 8,164 | 11.5 | 6.0 |
| 1999 | 14,728 | 8,476 | 10.8 | 6.2 |
| 2000 | 15,579 | 9,426 | 11.4 | 6.9 |
| 2001 | 17,130 | 9,863 | 12.3 | 7.1 |
| 2002 | 19,051 | 9,829 | 13.4 | 6.9 |
| 2003 | 19,883 | 10,000 | 13.7 | 6.9 |
| 2004 | 20,377 | 9,828 | 13.9 | 6.7 |
| 2005 | 19,958 | 10,415 | 13.5 | 7.1 |
| 2006 | 20,366 | 10,077 | 13.7 | 6.8 |
| 2007 | 21,887 | 10,093 | 14.6 | 6.7 |
| 2008 | 23,197 | 10,215 | 15.3 | 6.8 |
- Demographics for 2008 Jan-Sep
For the Okrug. [1]
| Raion(2008 Jan-Sep) | Pp (2007) | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khanty-Mansiysky Okrug | 1,488,300 | 17,438 | 7,737 | 9,701 | 15.62 | 6.93 | 0.87% |
| Khanty-Mansiysk | 63,200 | 1007 | 398 | 609 | 21.24 | 8.40 | 1.28% |
| Beloyarsky | 20,000 | 188 | 82 | 106 | 12.53 | 5.47 | 0.71% |
| Kogalym | 58,700 | 683 | 177 | 506 | 15.51 | 4.02 | 1.15% |
| Langepas | 41,200 | 405 | 146 | 259 | 13.11 | 4.72 | 0.84% |
| Megion | 56,900 | 696 | 269 | 427 | 16.31 | 6.30 | 1.00% |
| Nefteyugansk | 114,700 | 1270 | 559 | 711 | 14.76 | 6.50 | 0.83% |
| Nizhnevartovsk | 242,000 | 2860 | 1274 | 1586 | 15.76 | 7.02 | 0.87% |
| Nyagan | 55,600 | 589 | 296 | 293 | 14.12 | 7.10 | 0.70% |
| Pokachi | 16,800 | 189 | 44 | 145 | 15.00 | 3.49 | 1.15% |
| Pyt-Yakh | 41,500 | 456 | 168 | 288 | 14.65 | 5.40 | 0.93% |
| Raduzhny | 47,800 | 554 | 155 | 399 | 15.45 | 4.32 | 1.11% |
| Surgut | 289,800 | 3605 | 1514 | 2091 | 16.59 | 6.97 | 0.96% |
| Uray | 42,400 | 461 | 281 | 180 | 14.50 | 8.84 | 0.57% |
| Yugorsk | 32,000 | 415 | 183 | 232 | 17.29 | 7.63 | 0.97% |
| Beloyarsky | 9,400 | 96 | 45 | 51 | 13.62 | 6.38 | 0.72% |
| Berezovsky | 27,000 | 315 | 238 | 77 | 15.56 | 11.75 | 0.38% |
| Kondinsky | 35,400 | 418 | 384 | 34 | 15.74 | 14.46 | 0.13% |
| Nefteyugansky | 47,100 | 436 | 174 | 262 | 12.34 | 4.93 | 0.74% |
| Nizhnevartovsky | 34,400 | 359 | 136 | 223 | 13.91 | 5.27 | 0.86% |
| Oktyabrsky | 35,200 | 377 | 272 | 105 | 14.28 | 10.30 | 0.40% |
| Sovetsky | 47,100 | 498 | 400 | 98 | 14.10 | 11.32 | 0.28% |
| Surgutsky | 113,000 | 1360 | 380 | 980 | 16.05 | 4.48 | 1.16% |
| Khanty-Mansiysky | 17,100 | 201 | 162 | 39 | 15.67 | 12.63 | 0.30% |
Religion
A majority of the population is Orthodox Christian, while a significant minority (about 17%) of the population follows Islam.
Transport
In the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, primary transport of goods accounted for water and railway transport, 29% is transported by road, and 2% aviation. The total length of railway tracks 1106 km. The length of roads, more than 18000.
References
- ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Official website of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Natalya Vladimirovna Komarova, Governor of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Russian)
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2010). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Official the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution.
- ^ Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Area
- ^ Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Area
- ^ Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Area
- ^ (XLS) National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation. 2002 Russian All-Population Census. 2002. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/English/4-2.xls. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug |
- Official website of Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra
- The official website of the public authorities Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (Russian) (English)
- Official site Duma Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (Russian)
Categories: Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | Autonomous okrugs of Russia | States and territories established in 1930
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